Do we use light properly ?
... it is estimated that worldwide energy consumption for lighting generates 1900 Mt of CO2 per year, and annual lighting costs are over $360 billion ... [→]
... global increases of 2.2 % per year for lit areas and 2.2 % per year for the brightness of continuously lit areas ... [→]
... 30 % of the electricity generated for outdoor illumination is simply squandered by being misdirected into the sky ... [→]
... 80% + of the world and 99% + of the U.S. and European populations live under light-polluted skies ... [→]
... nocturnal light has been associated with health problems in humans as a consequence of altered biological rhythms ... [→]
... light pollution of the night sky is not confined to developed countries, but rather appears to be a global-scale problem affecting nearly every country of the world ... [→]
... variation in the spectral composition of artificial nighttime lighting doubtless influences the nature and extent of the impacts on ecosystems ... [→]
... continuous artificial lighting disturbs the growth cycles and the recognition of the seasonal change ... [→]
... white LEDs are more attractive to insects and have greater ecological impacts than high-pressure sodium vapor lamps ... [→]
... the empirical evidence that street lighting improves road safety, and under what circumstances, remains limited ... [→]
... the increase in brightness can increase glare for older drivers from oncoming vehicles ... [→]
... inside of the city overcast nights are brighter than clear rural moonlit nights, by a factor of 4.1 ... [→]
... many nocturnally migrating birds die or lose a large amount of their energy reserves during migration as a result of encountering artificial light sources ... [→]
... nocturnally migrating birds were disoriented and attracted by red and white light ... [→]
... due to artificial lighting stars are no longer visible in many urban areas ... [→]
... sources emitting primarily blue light are a cause of concern for exposure to children’s eyes ... [→]
... caution is suggested for circumstances occurring over many days with continuous exposure to optical radiation ... [→]
